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【Spring Boot】使用JDBC 获取相关的数据
Java Database Connectivity 是一种用于执行SQL语句的Java API,与数据库建立连接、发送 操作数据库的语句并处理结果。
org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-jdbc com.h2database h2
package com.example.kane.Model;public class Customer { private long id; private String firstName, lastName; public Customer(long id, String firstName, String lastName) { this.id = id; this.firstName = firstName; this.lastName = lastName; } @Override public String toString() { return String.format( "Customer[id=%d, firstName='%s', lastName='%s']", id, firstName, lastName); } // getters & setters omitted for brevity}
package com.example.kane;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;import java.util.Arrays;import java.util.List;import java.util.stream.Collectors;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;import com.example.kane.Model.Customer;@SpringBootApplication//@EnableSchedulingpublic class RestfulWebService1Application implements CommandLineRunner{ private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RestfulWebService1Application.class); public static void main(String args[]) { SpringApplication.run(RestfulWebService1Application.class, args); } @Autowired JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; @Override public void run(String... strings) throws Exception { log.info("Creating tables"); jdbcTemplate.execute("DROP TABLE customers IF EXISTS"); jdbcTemplate.execute("CREATE TABLE customers(" + "id SERIAL, first_name VARCHAR(255), last_name VARCHAR(255))"); // Split up the array of whole names into an array of first/last names List
2019-03-01 14:19:52.078 INFO 7436 --- [ restartedMain] c.e.kane.RestfulWebService1Application : Creating tables2019-03-01 14:19:52.086 INFO 7436 --- [ restartedMain] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 - Starting...2019-03-01 14:19:52.392 INFO 7436 --- [ restartedMain] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.2019-03-01 14:19:52.429 INFO 7436 --- [ restartedMain] c.e.kane.RestfulWebService1Application : Inserting customer record for John Woo2019-03-01 14:19:52.430 INFO 7436 --- [ restartedMain] c.e.kane.RestfulWebService1Application : Inserting customer record for Jeff Dean2019-03-01 14:19:52.430 INFO 7436 --- [ restartedMain] c.e.kane.RestfulWebService1Application : Inserting customer record for Josh Bloch2019-03-01 14:19:52.430 INFO 7436 --- [ restartedMain] c.e.kane.RestfulWebService1Application : Inserting customer record for Josh Long2019-03-01 14:19:52.461 INFO 7436 --- [ restartedMain] c.e.kane.RestfulWebService1Application : Querying for customer records where first_name = 'Josh':2019-03-01 14:19:52.480 INFO 7436 --- [ restartedMain] c.e.kane.RestfulWebService1Application : Customer[id=3, firstName='Josh', lastName='Bloch']2019-03-01 14:19:52.480 INFO 7436 --- [ restartedMain] c.e.kane.RestfulWebService1Application : Customer[id=4, firstName='Josh', lastName='Long']2019-03-01 14:20:01.122 INFO 7436 --- [nio-8080-exec-5] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet'2019-03-01 14:20:01.123 INFO 7436 --- [nio-8080-exec-5] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : Initializing Servlet 'dispatcherServlet'2019-03-01 14:20:01.146 INFO 7436 --- [nio-8080-exec-5] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : Completed initialization in 22 ms
官网的例子,没有配置JDBC Template的Datasource,默认使用的是H2 的内存存储的数据库,只能当做测试使用。下面会有介绍更改DataSource的方法
在项目启动后,执行执行功能,我们可以定一个类,去实现CommandLineRunner接口,重写run方法,执行一部分操作。需要注意的是,定义类必须标记为Spring管理的组件
package com.example.kane.Model;import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component@Order(value=1) //因为可能有许多事情要做,Order 可以根据大小,判读执行的顺序public class run_after_application implements CommandLineRunner{ @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { // TODO Auto-generated method stub System.out.println("-----------------------"); } }
在JDBC核心包中,JdbcTemplate是主要的类,简化了JDBC的使用,避免了一些常规错误。它能够执行JDBC核心流程,在应用代码之上提供SQL语句、导出结果。这个类执行SQL查询、更新、对结果集重复操作捕获JDBC的异常。并将它翻译成org.springframework.dao
包中定义的基本的、信息量更大的异常层次结构。
//为Bean创建一个JdbcTemplate以供使用//再没配置DataSource的情况下 springboot提供了 一些嵌入式的数据库支持,上面的例子使用的就是H2数据库,是一个内存的数据库
//构造的时候传入一个 DataSource,来获取链接//JdbcTemplate Spring boot默认链接的是H2 database,
package com.example.kane.config;import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import javax.sql.DataSource;@Configurationpublic class db_config { //这个类是一个Config类 @Value("${db.driver}") private String DRIVER; @Value("${db.password}") private String PASSWORD; @Value("${db.url}") private String URL; @Value("${db.username}") private String USERNAME; @Bean public DataSource dataSource1() { BasicDataSource dataSource = new BasicDataSource(); dataSource.setDriverClassName(DRIVER); dataSource.setUrl(URL); dataSource.setUsername(USERNAME); dataSource.setPassword(PASSWORD); return dataSource; }}
# Database# mysqljdbc连接驱动db.driver:com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverdb.url:jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb.username:rootdb.password:root
commons-dbcp commons-dbcp 1.4 mysql mysql-connector-java runtime
@Autowired JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; //下面是加载了数据库的配置。只需要增加这个 @Autowired db_config db_config;
SELECT * from customers;------------------------1 John Woo2 Jeff Dean3 Josh Bloch4 Josh Long
# databasespring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testspring.datasource.username=rootspring.datasource.password=spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring: datasource: url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test username: root password: root driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
注:这两种方式又回归到配置文件的方式了,
为什么要使用数据库连接池?
因为建立数据库连接是一个非常耗时的过程,使用连接池可以预先同数据库建立连接,放在内存中。应用需要使用数据库的时候直接使用连接池中的连接即可。
当前三大主流连接池
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